No 4 (2020)
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
5-12 142
Abstract
Current trends in the social development in the multinational state, the expansion of international relations, integration processes contribute to an increased interest in Kazakhstan around the world, which is reflected in the strengthening of the relevance of academic research in the field of the theory of a second language acquisition and the development of innovative technologies for teaching Russian and Kazakh as a foreign language. The article examines the Kazakhstani experience in the development of problems in the theory of a second language acquisition and the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The main directions of the national academic school of Kazakhstani Russian studies in this area are highlighted, a brief overview of theories and models of mastering a second language developed by Kazakhstani linguists is made. The further perspective of the research is demonstrated by the example of academic research by young scholars aimed at developing the theoretical provisions of the national academic school. The role of “Theory of a second language acquisition” as a research direction and as an academic discipline in the system of higher education is considered. Achievements of Kazakhstani Russianists in the field of the theory of a second language acquisition are based on the rich experience of teaching Russian as a foreign language (over 40 years) in the country’s leading universities. The effectiveness and efficiency of the methods used is shown on the example of the practice of teaching the Russian language to foreigners at the Faculty of Pre-university Education and students of American universities at the Philological Faculty of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (within the framework of the American language program “Flagman”, Almaty), as well as teaching the Russian language to repatriate Kazakh students at the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan).
13-17 113
Abstract
The article provides theoretical and practical aspects of the use of visualization technology. The problems of choosing a technology for presenting educational information, the role of visualization technology in additional education, visualization of the appearance and content of educational sites are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of presenting information in the visualized form are revealed. The results of the analysis of the practice of using visualization technology in teaching adults, the content of the institute’s content, the level of perception and ability to work with visual content among students of professional retraining courses are revealed.
18-21 143
Abstract
The article deals with forming not only professional competencies in future specialists, but also digital competencies. It is shown that the digital educational environment in secondary vocational education institutions is an open set of information systems designed to train specialists with a high level of digital competence. The necessity of using digital educational technologies that contribute to improving the quality of education is substantiated.
22-28 83
Abstract
The article discusses the possible mechanisms and features of conducting training in the programs of the additional professional education in priority areas of national projects with the use of mechanisms and technologies of digitalization for the formation, development and preservation of the personnel potential of enterprises.
29-38 148
Abstract
There are different ways of implementing the “skills approach” in the Russian educational process. This article discusses ways to effectively study the Russian language by using intersubject connections with the study of a foreign language. Following the innovative nature of the modern educational model, when studying the Russian language, as one of the most important subjects of the school curriculum, it is necessary to involve data from other humanitarian disciplines in order to form, first of all, the communicative competence of students. The assimilation of the subjects of the linguistic sphere is very important for understanding any other disciplines since the study of a language develops mental and speech activity, contributes to an increase in the moral, aesthetic and communicative culture of the forming personality, which has a positive effect on the educational process as a whole. Language proficiency in the context of world globalization is becoming a prerequisite for preparing a specialist in any field for the successful implementation of professional activities. This paper theoretically substantiates the possibility of using intersubject connections in the study of Russian (as first) language and a foreign language. In this regard, one of the ways to actualize the intersubject connections between Russian and foreign languages in the study of their lexical systems is considered. The proposed method involves carrying out a comparative analysis of texts written in English and their translations into Russian. This pedagogical technique contributes to the solution of several educational tasks, including expanding the vocabulary of students, gaining skills in comparative analysis, familiarizing with the culture of another people through understanding the peculiarities of their language, familiarizing themselves with linguistic terminology, the system of functional styles of speech, which together contributes to the formation of a whole series competences, first of all, linguistic, socio-cultural and professional, which are components of communicative competence. Using specific material from “The Hobbit, or There and Back Again” by John Tolkien and two of his professional translations into Russian, methods of analyzing specific language units in the learning process are shown, as well as the relationship of these educational actions with the process of forming students’ communicative competence. The implementation of the principle of combining academic subjects into a single integral content provides a versatile meta-subject competence education.
The influence of the environment heterogeneity on the development of territorial educational systems
39-49 116
Abstract
The main source of changes in education are environmental changes - the deployment of digital technologies, the merging of the educational and technological environment, the growth of uncertainty in natural and social processes, the emergence of new players in the education market, and the creation of new development institutions. The article shows the influence of natural and geographical, social and cultural, as well as economic factors on the environment locally, the peculiarities of heterogeneity in territorial educational systems. The article specifies the types of environment’s heterogeneity that determine the development of territorial educational systems: external (spatial, demographic, cultural, religious, social, and economic) and internal (variability of the network and educational programs, heterogeneity of corporate culture). It also shows the correlation of the quality of education with living standards and the level of social and economic development of the territory. Based on the results of the educational situation analysis in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), it determines approaches to education management based on the acceptance of territorial educational systems as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
50-54 94
Abstract
Digital education was synchronised with the design and management of international education development systems, including those in inclusive systems. However, the pandemic time has made adjustments to the speed and formats of introducing digital technologies into inclusive practices. There was a risk of misalignment of goals and quality. This risk has created an asynchronous situation. The authors draw the attention of regional managers of inclusive education systems to the effectiveness of creating digital mentoring teams capable of developing and implementing digital cases together with specialists.
55-64 115
Abstract
The materials accumulated to date on Russian-Korean contrastive studies have great pedagogical potential. First, they are interesting for educational purposes. A simplified classification of the ratio of linguistic units (equivalents, vector matches, culture-specific vocabulary) can be used to demonstrate the similarities and differences between the two languages at different levels (vocabulary, idioms, phraseology, proverbs and sayings). This helps students get imbued with the idea that two unrelated languages can reflect both general patterns of thinking and specific features that are formed under the influence of the unique history of a particular ethnic group. Secondly, the same material can be used in multi-level groups, which are formed due to the fact that students of Korean universities do not study under a curricular: they can choose for themselves any of the available Russian language courses (Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced). In such groups, this material is offered to advanced learners as suppliment in order to maintain interest in learning among students who are less experienced in learning languages.
65-68 115
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected most countries of the world and almost all spheres of public life, and the education system was no exception. Leaders and educational specialists in various parts of the world almost immediately faced a difficult choice: to try to transfer educational processes to an online environment or to put training on pause, temporarily stopping the activities of their institutions. Many online educational courses and programs have appeared, but the question remains - how productive they are as teaching methods and how to assess their contribution to the development of cognitive abilities and preparation for school in preschool children. The objective of our study was to develop and test a methodology that allows us to assess the development of a child’s cognitive abilities and their executive functions, which are responsible for the organization of purposeful activity and the characteristics of attention processes that form the basis of learning. As the basis for the development, the Wisconsin test was used, adapted to work in a preschool with 3-4 years old children. The focus on the use of digital technologies meets the methodological level of modern research and reflects the relevance of expanding the range of developmental activities during a pandemic, as well as tools for sensory-cognitive testing when working with preschool children. In the process of approbation of the methodology in a children’s educational institution, primary results were obtained, represented by assessments of the correct recognition of visual stimuli and errors of children. With the improvement of the epidemiological situation, it is planned to continue the study with an increase in the number of respondents, as well as with an additional assessment of the influence of the sensory background (for example, various sound and speech noises) on the learning processes.
69-76 94
Abstract
The article analyses the Dolgopyat’s story “Cloakroom attendant” (2005). This analysis is focused on a practical educational discourse. The problem of the author in a modern prose is actualized in the discourse. It is shown that the entire image of the author can be reached in the way of synthetical perception if a literary work cooperates with the other elements of the plot and oral speech of the author who is the center of the plot and characterizes it. The analysis of features in the plot, as well as that of the compositional modeling of the story elicits unsubjective components: dividing the text into three parts correlated with the present, the past and the future, thus reflecting the multilayered author’s mind. The question of the subjective author’s mind is also raised in the article. The author’s mind is supposed to be structured on united different signals cooperating with points of view that are expressed in different ways, including the inner monologue, which is defined by the juxtaposition of subjective backgrounds, monologues of the narrator, and other artistic means.
77-85 166
Abstract
The article considers the organizational and pedagogical conditions that provide a functional model of success for children with disabilities, ensuring the functioning and development of the pedagogical system and the integrity of the pedagogical process. The following conditions are highlighted: the establishment of a creative educational environment that best meets the needs of a certain society, representing the variability range of programs and courses; a variety of pedagogical techniques and content marketing programs on decorative-applied creativity, with the inclusion of project activities; providing sustainable motivation for lifelong learning; providing self-regulation and self-organization of behavior; shaping self-esteem; setting the guidelines for further self-realization; encouraging creative abilities; and the activation of the individual’s hidden potentials through the knowledge of their abilities. The second important condition is pedagogical support of children with disabilities. The organization of a creative educational environment for children with disabilities involves pedagogical support from specialists and parents, which in turn has an impact on personal development, preserving freedom in choosing activities and understanding the process of maintaining and functioning of children with disabilities in order to reveal their personality and personal potential, creating opportunities for interaction and communication with peers, parents, teachers of additional education, as a component of success. The third condition is the inclusion of parents in the educational community. A child with disabilities can successfully develop psychologically, personally and emotionally if they are provided with the necessary assistance and proper organization of the educational process, where the main participants in the educational process, in addition to children with disabilities, are their parents or their surrogates. Positive interaction with the family contributes to the formation of a trusting relationship between the teacher and parents, which contributes to the latter’s interest in the upbringing process. A competent image of a teacher is a guarantee of stability for parents, instilling confidence in the correctness of their actions, acting in the interests of children. The exchange of views in a dialogical form in the joint activity of parents-children with disabilities-teachers determines the search for joint solutions and efforts for the development of children, reinforcing interest and motivating the creative process. Thus, compliance with organizational and pedagogical conditions in creative activities contributes to their development of practical skills, disclosure of abilities, compensating for defects and features of development, creating special conditions for socialization and adaptation in the community, forming their success.
86-90 105
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the ICT literacy requirements for refresher courses tutors. With the development of modern technologies and the crisis of the lack of face-to-face learning as a result of the pandemic, teaching methods have become predominantly distance-learning. In this article, the concept of digital education was introduced. A survey was conducted among 69 teachers from 2 cities and 7 districts of the Sakha Republic. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, a model of distance learning tools for refresher courses, a self-assessment questionnaire for the refresher course tutor in ICT competency and recommendations for the development of the ICT competence of a refresher course tutor were developed.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES
91-99 109
Abstract
The ability to regulate the emotional state, activity, behavior is one of the significant tasks of personal development on the path of life. Hormonal restructuring of the body, changes in the social situation of development in adolescence contribute to the emergence of sudden abrupt mood swings, increased emotional tension, high sensitivity, and impulsive behavior. In older adolescence, difficulties in coping with emotions persist, so strategies for regulating emotions may appear and evolve, which reduce the level of adaptation in general and cause deviant behavior. This problem is considered in the article through the study of coping attitudes and individual functional interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain. The results of the study showed that the individual profile of the brain organization can be interconnected with the choice of specific types of strategies for regulating emotions to reduce anxiety and frustration. There is a possibility of conditionality of preference for certain strategies, including destructive ones, depending on the individual profile of the lateral organization. Respondents with a higher stress tolerance of the lateral profile are less characterized by destructive activity strategies for regulating emotions. The “equal hemisphere” type of individual profile of the lateral organization of the brain has a high level of stress resistance, adaptability and academic performance.
100-106 226
Abstract
At the present stage of development of the society, the phenomenon of perfectionism is becoming widespread. This concept has fully entered the system of human activity, becoming a possible assessment. It should be noted that the view of perfectionism is undergoing significant changes in the study of its direction. Today, perfectionism is more and more often associated with various destructive manifestations, such as auto-aggression, emotional instability, eating disorders, etc. The aim of the empiric research was to study various types of perfectionism and their relationship with forms of personality correlation. The following methods were used: Hewitt - Flett multidimensional perfectionism scale, differential test of perfectionism method of self-attitude research (Panteleev). The object of the research was the students of NEFU (n = 70). This article presents the results of a study of perfectionism as a destructive form of behavior. The distribution of various types of perfectionism and their connection with the self-attitude of students is revealed.
107-112 87
Abstract
In 2020, an increase in the unemployment rate is expected, in connection with which this problem becomes relevant again. In addition to the economic and social aspects, this problem also has a psychological component, since a person in this situation has a decrease in adaptive abilities, and he needs psychological support, which is aimed at restoring his resource state. The article examines the socio-psychological characteristics of unemployed citizens who are registered at the Employment Center of the city of Yakutsk. The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between the locus of control and the psychoemotional state in the unemployed. The object of the study was the unemployed citizens registered at the Employment Center of Yakutsk in the amount of 139 people. We assumed that respondents with different levels of subjective control would differ in their behavior strategies. To conduct the research, the following methods were used: questioning, testing, as well as statistical data analysis. In general, the results showed that only an insignificant percentage of the respondents had reduced indices on the scales “well-being”, “activity”, “mood”, which differs from the data of other studies. The analysis partially confirmed that respondents with an internal locus of control are characterized by good health, more often show independence in solving problems, do not wait for ready solutions. O contrary, respondents with an external locus of control are more at risk of maladjustment, which means they need more close attention of psychologists. At the same time, support should be aimed at shaping the individual’s readiness to take responsibility. As a recommendation to the psychological service of the employment center, it was proposed to introduce a program aimed at increasing the level of internality of the unemployed.
113-117 195
Abstract
The problem of violating the written language is a very relevant topic of research in primary school. Therefore, the importance of conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired written speech is increasing. Given the active development of digital education, the use of multimedia technologies and various software tools in the correctional work is becoming in demand, contributing to the correction of violations in the written speech. The article presents the results of carrying out correctional and developmental work with children with impaired written speech using digital technologies. The empirical results of the study showed that digital technologies in the correction of writing disorders have a positive effect on reducing the number of specific writing errors that children with dysgraphia make.
PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES
118-132 137
Abstract
In the Yakut traditional religious-philosophical worldview, the psychophysical basis of a healthy person is the system of three parts, so-called, “kut”: “iye kut”, “salgyn kut”, and “buor kut”. These three kuts are mutually dependent between themselves and the physical body with the help of the energy component - “sur”. Most authors, both among writers and scholars, unanimously consider that sur reflects the energetic aspect of nature, and within the framework of the microcosm of a person, it means his vital energy, including creative energy. In particular, it is believed that the higher divine essences (Aiyy) saturate worthy people with the sur energy, who in their spiritual and creative path follow the instructions (sier) of divine essences Aiyy. In this work, based on academic research, folk epics, as well as materials collected by local historians, a semantic analysis of the properties reflected by the concept of sur is carried out. Semantic parallels with the currently well-known religious and philosophical teaching of Agni Yoga is revealed. As it turned out, to describe the manifestations and properties of a person in Agni Yoga, the division into three interrelated components is also used, which in turn are connected and function through the so-called psychic energy. The teaching of Agni Yoga was published in Russian in 1924-1938, thanks to the works of Helena Ivanovna Roerich (nee Shaposhnikova). The present work reveals the semantic connections of the categories sur and psychic energy, which establish their analogous properties in relation to many objects of the spiritual and material worldview, in accordance with the visions of the both religious philosophical systems. Revealing of common semantic parallels in cultural and philosophical terms is an establishment and strengthening of the cultural ties between the Sakha and Russian peoples.
133-143 310
Abstract
The purpose of the article is an epistemological analysis of the pluralism of scientific concepts existing in real science and justification of its inevitability due to the complex structure of scientific knowledge (ontological basis), the constructive nature of scientific thinking (epistemological basis), the variety of methods of scientific knowledge (methodological basis), the incompleteness of any scientific theories in relation to their subject (logical basis). The pluralism of criteria for the truth of areas, levels and types of scientific knowledge is an inevitable consequence of the ontological, epistemological and logical-methodological pluralism of science.
144-149 135
Abstract
The purpose of this small work is to compare the approaches to Hinduism of two very important personalities: A. Schopenhauer and R. Guenon. Accordingly, our work will consist of two parts: the first, on Schopenhauer’s reflections on Hinduism, and the second, on the approach of R. Guenon. The most important difference between these two approaches is that Schopenhauer treats Hinduism from a philosophical point of view, while Guenon treats it mystically and exoterically. Both of them think that humanity begins in India; however, unlike Schopenhauer, Guenon means that the history of mankind began (and could not have been otherwise) in India, since the Vedas formulate the following concepts: traditionalism, tradition, esotericism, mysticism, esoteric society. Schopenhauer, on the contrary, emphasizes the purely metaphysical and philosophical value of Hinduism “Vedas”.
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