Preview

Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Pedagogics. Psychology. Philosophy

Advanced search
No 4 (2019)

PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES

7-12 101
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of training teachers in the context of designing the results of mastering disciplines at a university, assessing the quality of education, and managing the pedagogical process. It is determined that the design of the results of mastering disciplines in a university is considered as a special type of activity in which its subject (teachers) implements a certain technology (mechanism) for organizing the educational process, developing competencies, personal and professional abilities of students (future specialists) by solving managerial tasks, the acquisition and accumulation of practical experience in professional activities. The experience of the master’s educational program “Project Management in Education” of the Pedagogical Institute for the design of educational results in the process of studying the discipline “Innovative processes in education”; multilevel tasks of a search research nature have been developed, which allow developing master’s skills in synthesizing, analyzing, generalizing factual and theoretical material with the formulation of specific conclusions, establishing causal relationships (reconstructive level); skills to integrate knowledge of various fields, to argue their own point of view (creative level), as well as independence, initiative, ability and inclination to self-education of a future specialist, productive and in demand in the modern labor market.
13-16 86
Abstract
The article discusses the technological and practical aspects of the use of visualization technology, the problems of choosing the technology of adult education in additional professional education. The practice of application of visualization technology and the content of the web-chair of the Institute of Continuing Professional Training are analyzed. The advantages of presenting information by the frame method are revealed.
17-22 110
Abstract
This article discusses the concept of developing secondary vocational education in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period up to 2022, designed to determine the goals, objectives and principles of developing a system for training qualified workers (employees) and middle managers in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). A detailed description of the general secondary education in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is presented. The internal and external challenges, such as demographic changes, innovations and the development of new technologies, the introduction of new federal state educational standards for the most popular, promising and new professions and specialties of secondary vocational education (TOP-50), the introduction of a new format for assessing competencies in the form of a demonstration have been identified exam and others.
23-27 126
Abstract
The relevance of this article is due to the ongoing structural and qualitative changes in the socioeconomic sphere, including the continuing education system, caused by global trends. The article provides a review and comparative analysis of the results of the implementation of additional professional programs at North -Eastern Federal University, taking into account the needs of the regional labor market. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of transformation processes in the system of continuing professional education, aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of services in the field of adult education, associated with globalization processes and socio-economic development. The article also discloses the historical component of the development of additional professional education, as well as its trends and prospects.
28-35 101
Abstract
The modernization of Russian vocational education in recent years is aimed at integrating Russian vocational education into the international educational space, improving the quality of education and training professionals in the modern economy. The accessibility of professional education and admission to university of school-leavers with low exam scores negatively affects the quality of education and maintaining the student body, reduces the absolute performance of students, which leads to lower rankings of a university and reduction of budget financing. Basing on an internal assessment of the factors affecting the quality of training professionals, maintaining the student body and training of competitive professionals for the transport industry were defined and ranked.
36-39 105
Abstract
The article is devoted to teaching German to immigrants at integration courses in Germany. The authors analyze the specifics of teaching German to beginners under the so-called programme of «alphabetization». Special attention is paid to the difficulties arising in the process of teaching learners who are not able to write or read in their mother tongue, and those who are functionally illiterate. The article underlines the importance of developing not only the linguistic competence but also sociocultural and personal competencies for successful integration into the new society.
40-44 176
Abstract
The article considers a new experimental method of teaching foreign languages, called «language coaching». The authors give the definition for this notion, consider its distinctive features from traditional teaching methods, substantiate its application in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Particular attention is paid to the use of language coaching at the initial stage of foreign language teaching.
45-49 152
Abstract
This paper is devoted to methods of organizing and conducting research projects of students in chemistry in terms of teaching and research laboratories; the stages of organization of project-research works of students in chemistry and procedure of application of certain physical-chemical methods of analysis in chemistry. In connection with the new standards of education aimed at the development of personal and metasubject learning outcomes, it becomes relevant to conduct design and research works of students. This type of work with students develops not only practical skills of students, but also contributes to the development of independence and creative activity.
50-56 87
Abstract
Relevance is determined by the priority development of the Arctic North of Russia. Goal: to reveal the features of the activities of schools in the Arctic North, due to the original traditional way of life of indigenous peoples. The methodological basis is the axiological approach of the mentality of ethnic groups. Hypothesis: considering the peculiarities of the traditional way of work of schools in the Arctic North ensures the socialization of children as carriers of the language and culture of their native people. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of theoretical and factual materials on the activities of schools in the Arctic North. It shows that the process of implementing the new state educational standards, taking into account the specific conditions of the northern territories and school education organizations, is based on the original traditional way of life of the indigenous peoples of the North. Research results: the socialization of children of the peoples of the Arctic North is ensured on the basis of a peculiar philosophy of life, ethnocultural and ethnopedagogical foundations of a rural school, the preservation and development of its functioning as a socio-economic regularity, village-forming, industrial, sociocultural and demographic factor. The statement that the difficult problem of a rural small school is that the concept of a “small school”, as a specific type of special educational organization in the Russian education system, has not yet been spelled out in any legislative, regulatory document. It is considered advisable to make proposals as additions to the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) No. 273-FZ «On Education in the Russian Federation”.
57-65 121
Abstract
Modern society is characterized by crisis phenomena in many spheres of life, with difficult socio-economic conditions in Russia greatly complicating the reality. In search of remedies for stress and discomfort, many people turn to strategies of addictive behavior (addiction), which directly affects the process of socialization of teenagers. The increase in the use of drugs and psychoactive substances, alcohol, tobacco, due primarily to the lack of reliable social barriers that would restrain it, combined with the very low effectiveness of addiction treatment, bring the problem of prevention of addictive behavior among children and young people to the fore. The problem of addictive behavior is the research subject of scholars in various fields of science: medicine, psychology, pedagogy, sociology, etc., which allowed giving detailed psychological and pedagogical characteristics of a teenage addict. Taking into account the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of teenagers who tend to addictive behavior allows developing an effective program of primary prevention in an educational organization. Modern realities require constant updating of implemented programs, applying of innovative technologies, which determines the relevance of the research topic. The article describes psychological and pedagogical characteristics of teenagers who tend to addictive behavior, the results of a survey of 5-7th grade students of School No. 2, village of Namtsy, Namsky District of Sakha (Yakutia), and the primary prevention program based on the results of the survey and designed for implementation in a secondary school for 5-7th grade students. The results of partial implementation of the program of addictive behavior prevention at Namtsy School No. 2 are also presented.
66-74 109
Abstract
The issues of people’s socialization in the context of their familiarization with universal values and those enshrined in the cultural and historical experience of generations have always been relevant. Each historical stage makes its own adjustments to the understanding of individual parts of the pedagogical system, and modern realities require revision and adjustment of the concept of education of the younger generation at all levels, which partly explains the reform of the education system. The change in basic social guidelines leads to a revision and reassessment of the tasks, directions and forms of organization of educational work in General Education institutions at all levels of the education system. In search for effective ways of pedagogical influence on pupils, many teachers turn to progressive ideas of folk pedagogy. The article describes the program of extracurricular activities Obuge ugehe (Traditions of the ancestors). Its main idea is the use of various techniques in the work of a social pedagogue working with boarding school students, based on the experience and traditions of folk pedagogy, since the combination of folk traditions with innovations increases the efficiency of the educational system in ethnic regions. The program has been implemented since 2013 at the village of Oy secondary school, Khangalassky District, Yakutia, and it is aimed at high school students living in boarding schools. The results of the test-questionnaire «Determination of the self-esteem level» (S.V. Kovalev) are also presented.
75-79 97
Abstract
The article discusses the features of the use of e-learning in higher education based on the widespread use of digitalization in on-the-job training. The main causes of problems and difficulties during traditional on-the-job training are identified. Particular attention is paid to conditions such as the inclusion of teaching and lecture materials in certain disciplines that are necessary for practical training, research and development at low temperatures in conjunction with manufacturing enterprises, the inclusion of multimedia resources for practical training, laboratory work and design of assembly drawings, purchase and manufacture of simulators of devices, apparatus and automation for the production of tasks close to real production conditions, the possibility of further employment of graduates. As a result of the application of e-learning in on-the-job training, the professional competence of graduates is formed, that is, the ability of future specialists to carry out labor activities in a production environment.
80-83 108
Abstract
The role of knowledge, as the main source of social and economic development, is a fundamental reason for the formation of the continuing education system. Acompletely new role of knowledge is being formed as one of the main factors of social and economic development, which causes «education without borders» and the emergence of new educational technologies, the introduction of innovative methods of providing services in the field of education; the importance of market mechanism in education and the global human capital market are increasing. In this article, we consider in detail the mechanism of functioning of the national qualifications system (NQS) of the Russian Federation, its regulatory framework. A detailed diagram of the NQS of Russia has been compiled, which includes three main structures: content, organizational structure and tools that are interconnected and complement with each other.
84-89 98
Abstract
The modern realities of the development of society require the training of competitive mid-level specialists capable of meeting the requirements of employers. In this regard, the main goal of the implementation of the federal project «Young Professionals», which is part of the national project «Education», is to achieve global competitiveness of the Russian education system, including the secondary vocational education system (VET). Studies have shown that one of the conditions for improving the system of training specialists in accordance with modern standards of open source software is the application of a competency-based approach taking into account the requirements of employers.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES

90-94 169
Abstract
The article offers a theoretical analysis of the literature on the influence of dance art on children with deviant behavior. Deviant children are characterized by such features of the emotional-volitional sphere as increased anxiety, the defectiveness of the value system, especially in the field of goals and the meaning of life. They are usually impulsive, irritable, quick-tempered, aggressive, conflicting, which makes it difficult for such adolescents to communicate with others and creates significant difficulties in their education. For a full-fledged existence, a teenager needs constant resistance (environmental factors, internal conditions) to their aspirations to satisfy their own needs, since such resistance provides the phenomenon of actual well-being and creates opportunities for development. On the other hand, overcoming resistance to meeting a particular need always causes stress, which, in the absence of a corresponding emotional-volitional resource, leads to destructive effects: conflicts, stress, aggression, and deviations. It is known that children of any age love to dance. In dancing, they satisfy their need for movement. With the help of some specific dance movements, they reveal their feelings, mood, and their inner state. In other words, the art of dance is a synthesis of aesthetic, emotional and physical development. The authors also examined the psychological, pedagogical and sociophilosophical literature on the problem of the influence of dance art on children with deviant behavior. Children with deviations can regard reality as a negative phenomenon, show an inability to adapt to reality, not accept the demands of society, be withdrawn, aggressive, etc. The study of the influence of dance art on the behavioral skills of children with deviation and their mental development is seen relevant and promising.

PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES

95-98 154
Abstract
The definition of nihilism is considered and it is emphasized that the main contribution to its comprehension has been made by philosophy and literature. Many philosophers paid tribute to the study of nihilism, but it was Nietzsche who made the most serious contribution to its analysis. Nietzsche’s creativity contains interconnected, but relatively independent complexes: the doctrine of the «great style», the method, the reappraisal of all values, and the «eternal return» of the will to power. The great style is based on aphorisms and nuances, and the phrase is formed based on rhythmic curve and musical plastic. The method involves becoming a counterweight to the low essence of the reappraisal of all values caused by the “death of God”, which marked the beginning of the era of universal nihilism. According to Nietzsche, the will to power is the basic principle of life. Eternal return is a “being of becoming”, a return to one another, the cleansing of a person from everything fake. All these five independent Nietzsche complexes contribute to the understanding of nihilism. In Russia, nihilism spread widely in the second half of the 19th century, primarily among raznochintsy. Philosophical studies of this trend belong to S.L. Frank, N.A. Berdyaev, as well as D.I. Pisarev, V.K. Makhaysky, K.N. Leontiev. V.G. Belinsky, M.N. Katkov, M.A. Bakunin, S.M. Stepnyak-Kravchinsky, P.A. Kropotkin, N.N. Strakhov, V.V. Vorovsky wrote about nihilism in literature. The nihilists were depicted in the works by D.I. Pisarev, N.G. Chernyshevsky, F.M. Dostoevsky, N.S. Leskov, A.F. Pisemsky, who treated them with great sympathy; however, the essence of nihilism was most fully expressed by I.S. Turgenev in his novel «Fathers and Sons». Nihilism can be seen as deconstruction of the entire European culture. It cleared room for new offsprings. Having appeared before similar approaches by Heidegger, Derrida and others, Nietzsche’s deconstructivism is the most profound among them and has had a fundamental impact on the development of philosophy.
99-102 178
Abstract
He article considers the main contribution made by Nietzsche to philosophy. Some authors believe that he is a significant contributor to ontology and epistemology, while others believe that it was ethics. The author adheres to the latter approach. Nietzsche’s ethics is associated with limits in the states of the human spirit and with transitions through them. Along with a deep philosophical and philological analysis, Nietzsche’s ethics is a reflection and its complex, which applies, first, in relation to his attitude to a woman. He conducted a deep analysis of the relationship between the foundations of ethics and Christianity, in which Nietzsche saw only the negative aspect. Equally important are the critical studies of Nietzsche, who was not afraid to debunk the most prominent thinkers. Nietzsche exalts aristocracy, vanity, power and duty, but at the same time, he denies that humans have many of their inherent qualities and, above all, love. Nietzsche’s historical and philological criticism of many traditional concepts and ideas allows a deeper understanding of the foundations of morality and individual philosophical concepts. Nietzsche believes that morality is due to fatigue. He encourages a person to live, praising the strength and beauty of the body. He admired the Greeks for their intelligence, harmonious development, extolled Dionysian values and believed that all life should be subordinate to culture. Many of his ideas are relevant now. The critical function is the most important among the functions of philosophy, and although Nietzschean criticism is evil, it is visual and constructive. Such a sharp criticism of philosophy is necessary as one of the most important elements of its development. Despite the vagueness of many approaches and the widespread use of philological methods by him, Nietzsche’s ethics is fundamental and contributes to the development of philosophy as a whole, since it penetrates the very essence of man into his being.
103-115 203
Abstract
It is well known that in the Yakut (Sakha) traditional religious-philosophical worldview, the psychophysical basis of a healthy person is the system of three parts, so-called kuts (souls): iye kut (mother soul), salgyn kut (air soul), and buor kut (earth soul). These three forms of kuts depend on each other and the physical body with the help of the energy component - sur. Culturological analysis of the literature heritage of the Yakut people in the form of the Olonkho epic, folklore works, and works of the Yakut classic writers A.E. Kulakovsky, P.A. Oyunsky and others, allow us to easily establish that this separation into the three kuts is the key to understanding the characters’ thoughts, speech and actions in connection with certain plots of the works. Most authors, both writers and researchers, confirm that among the three forms of these kuts, the iye kut is the main one. In particular, it is accounted that the iye kut has a divine potential, through the iye kut, a person gets the opportunity to receive personal qualities from the hierarchy of the highest divine beings of Aiyy. In the present work, on the basis of research of scientists, literary works, as well as materials collected by visiting local historians, an analysis of the functional properties of the form iye kut was carried out. The teachings of Agni Yoga are associated with the name of the Roerich family, who made a significant contribution to the synthesis of cultures of the West and the East, and to the development of the common world culture. The potential of the synthesizing power of the system knowledge contained in Agni Yoga is revealed in the process of searching for the common foundations of the philosophical views of the East and the West and contributes to development of science and culture in line with universal values. In this regard, identification of common semantic parallels in cultural and philosophical terms is an establishment and strengthening of the cultural ties between the Yakut and Russian peoples.
116-120 91
Abstract
This article discusses the issue of determining the status of a problem regarding the role and significance of ideas in political and legal institutional transformations. To consider this problem as a philosophical proper, the author turned to the definition of their essence and socio-constructivist potential. The works of N.S. Rozov and the author’s own works served the theoretical basis of the study, allowing assigning the problem of ideas to philosophical status. A permanent renewal of ideas (modifications and configurations) was shown, which is associated with filling political and legal institutions with actual challenges of the time. In addition, a close relationship was found between the axiological foundations of power institutions and the success of institutional practices. It was proved that ideas that are not always necessarily organized in ideology are the leading tool for solving social problems. The philosophical status of the stated problem was confirmed by the need to integrate the provisions of various «ideologically oriented» approaches, which contributes to the dynamics and modernization of research methods and allows overcoming dogmatism in intelligent networks.
121-129 215
Abstract
The article considers transhumanism, nihilism, stoicism, which were developing in different historical eras, as teachings that search a way out of the current situation of the cultural and social crisis. The big problem is the ethical failure of transhumanism. Stoicism in modern Europe is developing as a response to the loss of values in connection with the development of the information, global era. The theoretical significance of the article is that the results will allow appreciating the role of transhumanism as an untenable worldview in the structure of ethical examination in making practical decisions. Stoicism, nihilism are considered as forms of attitude, social behavior, as the course of social thought of their time, and transhumanism can take a similar position, not claiming the role of a new worldview or philosophical doctrine.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2587-5604 (Online)