The article provides an analysis of modern education, which is a continuous process in which upbringing, training, and self-training are organically intertwined. Such dynamics are due to the fact that in the modern world it is important not only to develop the necessary competencies, but also to show a willingness to adapt to the changing realities of life. These processes are especially clearly seen in medical education. The training of future doctors at a medical university is associated with many disciplines (chemistry, biology, physics, mathematics, etc.); however, the main subject that best prepares a future doctor for their practice is the Russian language. The relevance of this article is expressed in the fact that modern students, no matter what specialty they choose, should be characterized by such qualities as morality, spiritual wealth, a sense of duty, as the great Russian writer of the late 19th – early 20th centuries Anton Chekhov: “Everything about a person should be beautiful: his face, his clothes, his soul, his thoughts...” 2025 marks the 165th anniversary of Chekhov’s birth. A physician by education, Chekhov left behind many works in his artistic legacy, the characters of which are doctors. Chekhov’s stories provide a comprehensive analysis of the illnesses of his characters (“Surgery”, “Ionych”, “The Man in a Case”, “The Wolf”, “Belated Flowers”, etc.). The article examines the interdisciplinary connections between the Russian language, Russian literature and medicine; the role of Chekhov’s works on medical topics in the professional training of future doctors is explored. The relevance of Chekhov’s work is pointed out, especially in the professional development of future doctors. Various types of classes (lectures, seminars, club work, participation in student conferences, etc.) enrich modern students both spiritually and professionally. Independent reading of these works not only influences young people’s understanding of their choice of future specialty, but also develops their speech skills, enriches their vocabulary, and develops analytical thinking. This material is of great importance for the spiritual and civic education of the young generation of doctors. The material of the article shows the enduring value of the spiritual heritage of the great Russian writer, which does not lose its relevance today.

The relevance of the research problem is due to the importance of implementing pre-professional training of teaching staff. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of the Concept of the organization of psychological and pedagogical classes, which determine the guidelines for the activities of specialized classes of pedagogical orientation. The purpose is to consider the effectiveness of creating psychological and pedagogical classes as a form of specialized pedagogical orientation of schoolchildren. The objectives are: to study the theoretical positions of Russian researchers on the definition of the concept of “psychological and pedagogical class”; to consider the experience of psychological and pedagogical classes in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); to conduct a sample survey among students of psychological and pedagogical classes to study the motivation for choosing a teaching profession. Research methods: study of scientific and pedagogical literature; regulatory documents and Internet resources; generalization of the experience of the Small Psychological and Pedagogical Academy, Teacher Training Institute, M. K. Ammosov NEFU; a survey of students in the tenth psychological and pedagogical classes of four republic’s schools and teachers. In the future, it is planned to consider the regional specifics of cooperation between schools, continuing education centers and vocational education institutions in organizing the training of future teachers.

The relevance of the work is due to the growing interest in studying the Russian language in China, attention to the personal aspect of language learning as a central concept of anthropological linguistics and a change in the perspective of scientific research in connection with the use of artificial intelligence, including in the social and humanities. The purpose of the work is to consider the possibilities of using the DeepSeek chatbot in studying Russian proverbs in a Chinese audience. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to find out what information about the meaning and use of Russian proverbs a student studying Russian can independently obtain using the resources of the DeepSeek neural network, and, secondly, to determine how this information can be used by a teacher to adjust the skills of understanding text in Russian and using Russian proverbs in speech. The study showed that when using the DeepSeek chatbot in the process of teaching Russian to Chinese students, the need to overcome linguistic and cultural barriers should be taken into account. The analysis of the content of DeepSeek responses to queries about the meaning of the Russian proverb Poverty is not a vice, its translation into Chinese and use in Russian and Chinese revealed problems such as the difficulties of translating the word “vice” into Chinese and emphasizing the rational-pragmatic assessment when using the Russian proverb. It has been proven that the main difficulty in using the DeepSeek neural network when studying Russian proverbs by Chinese students is the cultural barrier. While DeepSeek overcomes linguistic barriers quite successfully, overcoming cultural barriers requires a special approach.

In the current context of digitalization in education, online learning has become an essential tool for ensuring accessible and high-quality educational processes. This article examines the key trends, principles, and organizational-pedagogical conditions that support online learning in the context of its development within the Russian Federation and in international practice. The author focuses on such relevant directions as personalized and adaptive learning, gamification, microlearning, blended learning, as well as the integration of artificial intelligence and big data into educational platforms. Particular attention is given to the role of non-formal education, especially in developing countries, where it serves as a mechanism for overcoming the limitations of traditional educational systems. The study identifies the core principles of online learning, namely, the accessibility of materials, opportunities for self-education, interdisciplinarity, adaptability to learners’ needs, and interaction within the educational process. In addition, the article considers the organizational and pedagogical conditions for effective support of online learning, including the necessity of learner motivation, consideration of external factors, teacher adaptation in the context of systemic transformation, implementation of pedagogical support practices, as well as the accessibility and quality of online courses. Based on the analysis of scholarly sources and recent studies, the paper highlights the technological aspects of online learning, which include the selection of platforms, the development of pedagogical design, the application of contemporary teaching methods and AI tools, as well as the stages of integrating technologies into the educational process. In conclusion, the article outlines the prospects for the further development of online education in light of emerging technological solutions, such as virtual and augmented reality, neurotechnologies, and biometrics. This work may be of interest to educators, online course developers, and researchers in the field of digital education.

In the context of a rural educational system, determining a future profession is a difficult task. Both parents and students lack knowledge about the specifics of sought-after professions in the modern labor market, as well as the location of certain educational institutions. The relevance of the topic lies in the need to develop effective methods of vocational guidance for children in small schools, where resources are limited and the peculiarities of the social environment require adapted approaches to the formation of professional interests and skills. Rural small-scale schools differ from urban schools not only in the number of students, but also in the specifics of the educational process. Here, teachers are often forced to perform several functions at the same time: to be not only teachers, but also educational psychologists, social workers, and even career consultants. At the same time, opportunities for systematic career guidance are often limited. In such circumstances, it is especially important to organize a professional guidance system that would help children reach their potential and find their place in life. The professional orientation of children is one of the most important tasks of modern education. However, in conditions of rural small schools, this task becomes especially difficult. In this article, the authors examined the features of the professional orientation of children on the basis of the V. F. Afanasyev-Aldansky Cheriktey Secondary School in Cheriktey village of Ust-Aldansky District, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and will try to find optimal ways to successfully solve it. In the course of the experimental study, diagnostic techniques modified by G.V. Rezapkina were used: the “Type of Thinking” questionnaire and the “Profile” technique (a modification of the “Map of Interests” by A. Golomstock). The study was conducted on a sample of 12 students in grades 8–9 and 10 parents without taking into account gender characteristics. These methods made it possible to identify the dominant types of thinking of schoolchildren and identify their professional interests in various fields of activity. The diagnostics revealed the predominance of creative thinking among schoolchildren with the least expression of abstract-symbolic thinking. Objective-effective, verbal-logical, and visual-imaginative types of thinking are moderately developed. The analysis of professional interests showed the dominance of sports and military orientation, literature and art, entrepreneurship and home economics with minimal interest in natural sciences and technical disciplines. The survey of parents revealed their lack of awareness of the school’s career guidance programs, an average level of satisfaction (50%) with this job, the need to attract qualified specialists from various fields, and the need to introduce modern information technologies into career guidance activities. With limited resources and a small number of students, educational institutions face challenges in shaping children’s professional interests and skills. In conclusion, recommendations are made on optimizing career guidance measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of working with children and preparing them for future professional life.

The article presents the results of a study evaluating the implementation of youth policy in Russian universities in the changing conditions. It is shown that the main directions of youth policy in higher education are the creation of conditions for the professional and personal growth of students, the development of student self-government and support for initiatives, ensuring inclusivity and diversity, and psychological support for students. The involvement of students in the implementation of social initiatives, as well as the formation of citizenship and patriotism, volunteering are the highest priorities for universities in modern conditions. Using the example of the North-Eastern Federal University, the features of evaluation the degree and nature of students’ involvement in initiatives are revealed, such as continuity, comparative nature, multidimensionality and variability of evaluation methods.

The study presents a range of assessment methods relevant to the current educational landscape, including an analysis of regulations and analytical materials, questionnaires, factor and statistical analyses, in-depth interviews, surveys, and an analysis of best practices. The study utilized a theoretical analysis of youth policy research, an analysis of Russian university practices, surveys and in-depth interviews with students, faculty, and external stakeholders, and a digital footprint analysis (big data analytics) of social media user opinions and online communities. A brief analysis shows that a comprehensive evaluation of students’ involvement in social initiatives allows, on the one hand, to ensure the adjustment of youth policy at the university, its timely adaptation to changing environmental conditions, the nature of public sentiment; on the other – to predict possible changes in the youth environment, to take measures to prevent destructive phenomena. The results of the research can be used in the practice of managing the development of Russian universities, developing programs for the implementation of youth policy in universities.

The article provides an overview of the current educational policy of the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese school education system in the subject area of “foreign language”, provides a historical overview describing the foundations and educational principles of the Chinese education system, and discusses the prospects for teaching Russian as a foreign language in schools in the People’s Republic of China. In order to promote the Russian language, Russian history, and culture, the article hypothesizes the use of modern language technologies, successful methods, and effective practices for teaching Russian as a foreign language in the preschool and school education systems of the People’s Republic of China. The author identifies some gaps in the Chinese education and upbringing system that can be used to initiate interest and increase the motivation of students to learn Russian, Russian history, and culture. The article provides examples of modern technologies (subject-language integrative technologies, gamification, film pedagogy, project activities, creation of an educational and developmental language environment, etc.) that can be successfully implemented in Chinese kindergartens and schools, taking into account the specific features of the Chinese education system, teaching principles, and attitude towards the subject.

This article examines the moral culture of teachers as a key aspect of pedagogical theory and practice, an indicator of professional excellence and personality. It analyzes the works of renowned scholars in pedagogy, cultural studies, and philosophy, including V.A. Sukhomlinsky, V.S. Bibler, L.I. Ruvinsky, and others. It substantiates the proposition that without a high level of development of moral and ethical qualities, such as acceptance of “significant others,” respect for the student’s personality, a sense of duty, responsibility, and fairness, educational goals cannot be achieved. The paper analyzes the concept of “moral culture” according to the Bibler’s concept as a form of communication between people and generations, self-determination, and the invention of “the world for the first time” in the context of a teacher’s pedagogical activity. The paper explores the functions of morality: regulatory, socializing, communicative, imperative, and others. It concludes that the implementation of students’ spiritual and moral education faces numerous obstacles: the negative influence of the media, with its acts of aggression, violence, and cruelty, informal structures, the internet, and parental and social indifference. Therefore, the authors emphasize the need to pay special attention to the moral culture of teachers as a societal imperative, as teachers’ civic position, life priorities, moral convictions, moral norms, and spiritual values have a colossal impact on the younger generation.

This article describes the perceptions of parent-child relationships in families with young adolescents living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It describes the key subjective images, characteristics, and psychological aspects of the participants’ perceptions of parent-child relationships. A total of 106 families participated in the study. The children were young adolescents, aged 11 to 14. The parents ranged in age from 32 to 61. The Animal Family projective method was used as a psychological tool. A context analysis was used for data processing and analysis, using the frequency of mention method. For statistical processing of data, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for K-independent samples and the descriptive method: contingency tables were used. The study results show that adolescents and their parents tend to maintain a traditional hierarchy in the structure of parent-child relationships, preserving traditional images of child and parent. Younger adolescents are characterized by ambivalence in their attitudes toward their parents. Duality is expressed in the persistence of the parent’s image as dominant in these relationships, while a desire for equality and child-centrism was observed in over 50% of young adolescents. Fathers and mothers are characterized by a traditional system of parent-child relationships. Mothers are more prone to a shift toward child-centrism than fathers. Mothers and young adolescents are more likely to display anxiety, worry, and internal conflict when assessing parent-child relationships. Fathers, on the other hand, are characterized by confidence and subjective satisfaction when assessing parent-child relationships.

As it is known, the goal of intercultural education at the present stage is the development of a personality willing and able to participate in intercultural communication. This issue focuses the attention of higher education on an effective strategy for educating such a personality in a multicultural educational space, in the modern conditions of an identity crisis. In the process of conducting this study, an analysis was made of the influence of globalization on the identity crisis, which acts as one of the most serious globalization challenges, calling into question the sustainability of traditional norms and values in society. Within the framework of the study, the philosophical premises of the intercultural approach to education as a general ideological approach were deeply studied. This scientific article examines the consequences of one of the most noticeable globalization challenges – unification – when local traditions can be supplanted by global standards. This leads to the loss of the uniqueness of cultural identity. It is necessary to instill in the younger generation a new system of values, to revive the concept of personality based on the ideas of cultural conformity. The problem of the coexistence of many different cultures in the modern world should be conditioned by the concept of interculturalism. In conclusion of the article we come to the conclusion that the task of science in modern conditions is to study identification mechanisms and develop on this basis a common ideological intercultural approach. Thus, the goal of education at the current stage of globalization should be recognized as the development of a personality with a unique cultural identity and brought up in the spirit of patriotism and respect for their own traditions.

The article examines the most important problem of the role, essence and meaning of the basic concepts of resilience, which turned out to be consonant with many processes taking place in the modern world. The theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of resilience is carried out and the evolution of ideas about resilience in ancient philosophy (philosophers of Stoicism) and modern philosophy is presented. Various theoretical approaches, as well as resilience systems, are analyzed. Maddi, who showed that it is advisable to include the following psychological phenomena in the study of resilience: coping strategies, resources, values and engagement, confidence in the ability to control events. The indisputable role of the phenomenon of resilience in maintaining psychological stability in the changing conditions of modernity is revealed. The article reveals the content of the concept of “resilience”, which is an internal basic human resource, as well as an indicator of the effectiveness of overcoming life difficulties in the modern world. The importance of resilience for the successful adaptation of young people to new realities was emphasized. In recent years, research has found that there are always differences and contradictions in approaches, and this once again underscores the complexity and depth of the phenomenon of resilience in the modern world.