The article examines the works of art of Russian and Uzbek literature from the point of view of the spiritual connection of writers of different nationalities; the relationship between the world and man; analyzes the heroes of works of art as an integral part of the world, influencing the education of student youth of Uzbekistan. In practical classes and seminars, Uzbek students learn the basics of comparative analysis of the novels of the Uzbek author Togay Murodi “The Field Inherited from the Father” and the Russian writer Vasily Shukshin “Lyubavins”. It is noted that the work of the classic of Uzbek literature Togay Murod and the creative heritage of the Russian writer Vasily Shukshin have been studied in sufficient detail, but the works of these writers have not been considered in a comparative-contrastive sense. There are no works showing the process of comparative study of both novels in the Uzbek audience. In the process of comparative analysis of the works of both writers, who deeply reflected their time and their hero in it, Uzbek students should understand that it is this approach to studying the works of modern writers that helps them to comprehend such concepts as “soul”, “spirit”, “national character”, “mentality”, which is reflected in the language, speeches and dialogues of the heroes of the works. The works of writers give a historical excursion into the past of each country, analyze the socio-psychological desire of people to find their place in society. These concepts were used to understand the national character, specific cultural structures of different peoples in universal in form and content ideas of works.

The article analyzes new technologies that have replaced traditional language education, which for many years was based on the grammatical approach. The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of multimodal practices in teaching Russian language and literature in the context of critical thinking development. Multimodal practices represent a whole system of practice-oriented technologies, well-thought-out methodological techniques and forms of teaching. Based on the material of Lewis Carroll’s novel “Alice in Wonderland” in comparison with the cat Bayun, a character of Slavic fairy tales, the methodological development of classes is presented, the importance of developing students’ cognitive skills through the formation of individual training trajectories within the framework of language learning based on infographics is postulated. A multimodal approach to the study of language facts is of particular interest for linguodidactics of higher education, among which are the techniques of meaningful reading in teaching both the native language and literature, and foreign languages, which is explained by the need to develop “soft skills”, which include critical thinking. It is proved that the use of multimodal practices in literature classes helps to understand the text meaningfully. The authors emphasize the effectiveness of multimodal practices in understanding the meaning of the studied linguistic phenomena and facts of literature and culture in general (infographics, linguacultural cluster, etc.) from the position of developing the ability to interpret the meaning in the context of a dialogue of cultures and eras, which contributes to the development of critical text analysis skills by students. The role of multimodal and cross-cultural (translingual) practices in learning the Russian language is emphasized. The article contains practice-oriented cases for both teachers of Russian as a foreign language and for teachers of Russian and other subjects in the humanities.

The article examines the evolution of corporate learning, analyzes the transition from traditional forms to digital platforms in the context of global digital transformation. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for companies to adapt to technological changes, where the development of human capital is becoming a key factor in competitiveness. According to LinkedIn data, 94% of employees are willing to remain loyal to their employer while investing in their professional growth, which underscores the importance of modern educational solutions. However, traditional teaching methods based on face-to-face lectures and standardized trainings are inferior to digital platforms that provide flexibility, personalization, and continuity of skill acquisition. The purpose of the work is to identify patterns of transformation of corporate learning, to identify pedagogical principles and factors contributing to the integration of digital tools (AI, VR/AR, LMS systems) into educational processes. Based on historical analysis, four stages of evolution have been identified: from behaviorist methods of the mid-20th century to connectivist models using adaptive technologies. The economic, technological and social aspects of the transition to digital forms, including the growth of the e-learning market, are considered. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations for the design of hybrid learning models combining digital tools with live interaction, investments in digital literacy and ethical audit of algorithms. The prospects of the study are related to the analysis of the impact of metaverses and generative AI on corporate education, as well as a long-term assessment of the relevance of digital tools in changing labor markets. The research results can be used by HR specialists to optimize educational programs and by teachers to integrate technologies into pedagogical design.

The article is devoted to the description of the celebration of the children’s holiday on eki djazhy toolgony (on eki djazhy kirgeni) in Altai families, when a child reaches the age of twelve. The holiday includes an important traditional ritual element: the design of the secondary socialization of the child, his transition from childhood to adolescence. In modern times, the holiday is a modernized type of traditional ritualism, includes innovations in ritual elements. The symbolization of the age of twelve is fixed not only at the family and clan level, but also has a social, public character. The revival and transformation of children’s rituals is traced on the basis of the author’s field materials collected in 2024-2025. in the Altai Republic.

Socialization in a broad sense is a continuous process that continues throughout a person’s life. A person’s preparation for life in society occurs through familiarization with social norms, values, and customs. In traditional culture, the specifics of children’s socialization are clearly manifested in family rituals and life cycle customs. Rituals and rites have a significant impact on a person’s social status and serve as a designation of his or her legal capacity.

The problem of insufficiently developed soft skills among university graduates, particularly in the context of accelerating digitalization of education, is crucial for ensuring competitiveness in the modern labor market. This research addresses the issue of improving the effectiveness of developing in students such key non-specialized skills as communication, critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork, which are in demand by contemporary employers. The aim of the study is to develop and empirically test a model of a digital project activity ecosystem (hereinafter referred to as DPAE), focused on the targeted development of the aforementioned soft skills. The research materials included data obtained from an analysis of scientific and methodological literature, expert evaluation of the developed DPAE model, as well as the results of a pedagogical experiment. Methods of pedagogical modeling and statistical data analysis were applied to assess the effectiveness of the DPAE implementation. The proposed DPAE model is an integrated digital environment that combines educational platforms, online communication tools, and cloud services, providing opportunities for effective collaboration on educational projects. The results of the experimental study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in soft skills development indicators (communication skills, critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork) among students involved in project activities within the developed DPAE, compared to the control group. The study concludes that the implementation of digital project activity ecosystems in the educational process of universities is appropriate and promising. The practical significance of the research lies in providing a DPAE model that can be used to improve the quality of student training and their adaptation to the requirements of the modern labor market, as well as for further development of digital tools to support project activities in higher education.

The article presents research findings on career orientations of professionals with a horizontal career type. A horizontal career involves a gradual increase in the level of professionalism, experience and competence of a specialist without a significant change in job status. A vertical career as advancement from a lower position to a higher one is not possible for all categories of professionals, although it is precisely this that is assessed as socially successful. The subjects were nurses, as an example of a professional group with a typical horizontal career, in which employees remain in the same position for a long period of time. In addition, these professionals represent a socially important type of profession in which a horizontal career is the main one. An analysis of the psychological aspect of a career, an understanding of career orientations as a reflection of the leading values and ideas of employees about their professional path allows us to better understand the motives of employees carrying out professional activities within the framework of a horizontal career and direction, and to clarify the systems of motivation and incentives for employees in conditions of the impossibility of promotion. The results of the study showed that the most important career orientations among those surveyed were “job stability”, “service to society” and “integration of different spheres of life”, which reflects the specifics of the profession, horizontal type of career and the characteristics of this professional group. The analysis of the data showed differences in career orientations and confirmed the assumption about the change in the hierarchy of values at different stages of the horizontal career. It was suggested that it is possible to use the analysis of the nature of career orientations to diagnose personal maturity and professional crises of specialists.

The aim of the work is to identify the fundamental principles and approaches to the methodology of art and literature research and to demonstrate the capabilities of rational methods (with elements of irrationality) for these purposes. The most important groups of this methodology are philosophical methods: phenomenology, hermeneutics, ideographic, nomothetic, methods of metaphysics, dialectics, semiotics; universal methods of natural scientific origin: theories of communications, systems, synergetic, computer science; methods of social and humanitarian sciences based on: historicism, mechanism, naturalism, organicism, psychologism, anthropologism, structuralism, scientism, evolutionism, formalism, functionalism, positivism; methods of literary criticism and cultural studies; methods of sociology and social philosophy. These methods are applied to the main stages of art development and to the most important trends and styles of art in various combinations and depending on the intervals of their applicability. The main approaches of the methodology under study are the synthesis of the majority of existing methods within the all sphere of the art and literature, or within its type, genre or style; a series of methodological approaches are identified that ensure the interaction of one method with another, the identification of systems and subsystems of these methods for specific research conditions. Interaction of the methodology used by the creator of works and the methods of perception of his works (that is, the interaction of ontological and epistemological approaches to creation and research). It is argued that the rationalized methodology of studying works of art and literature has significant prospects. Using various types of synthesis in different genres and between them, it is possible to obtain a single, holistic picture of the perception of works. Reliance on the limits of perception, usually associated with the great mysteries of outstanding works of art and literature, is similar to the limits on which the methodology of science or religious revelations is based and allows us to link the rational with the irrational in this process of cognition. Another promising direction is associated with the improvement of the known methods of studying works of art and literature: semiotics, hermeneutics, sociology, cultural studies, communication theory, depending on the characteristic features of a particular work. The evolution of these methods also strives for unity, integrity and mutual complementarity of the entire process of cognition of works of art and literature.

The main characteristic features of Russia’s identity are integrity, self-sufficiency, uniqueness, and self-development. In addition, the parameters included in these characteristic features are identified, such as universality and harmony for integrity, genesis, formation for self-sufficiency, attempts to express it in Pochvennichestvo and Slavophilism. Uniqueness is characterized by vivid literary features that cannot be confused with anything else and “living life” (V.V. Veresaev’s term) as the embodiment of human existence in literature. Self-development of Russian classical literature was determined by: the desire for practical embodiment of spirituality in the aspirations of the people, in the formation of the soul, reliance on a deep synthesis of various genres, each of which also went through its stages of formation, contrasts and contradictions associated with the fundamental principle of dialectical development – “interaction of opposites”. The development of ideas about identity in socio-political sciences complements the ideas developed in this work. Identification of the individual in Russian literature goes through the limits of perception of the world and being, which were touched upon by many Russian writers and, above all, Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Leskov, Chekhov, and these were completely different limits. The identity of Russia, which is based on the identification of literature is quite easily substantiated and has great prospects. Its substantiation has visual consistency, clarity, rationality, and evidence. In addition, it has great prospects because literature can penetrate almost everywhere – into any social and humanitarian sphere. It easily interacts with music, painting, theater, and, according to leading modern philosophers, begins to replace philosophy. In our opinion, a new type of synthesis of literature and philosophy is beginning to form.

In the context of globalization and intensification of migration processes, the problem of social integration in multicultural societies becomes key to ensuring stability and social cohesion. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop new integration strategies that can respond to the challenges of the 21st century, including migration and the growth of cultural diversity. The article considers the theoretical aspects of social integration, analyzes the main models of integration policy and identifies the factors that contribute to or hinder successful integration. Both classical concepts and modern theories and approaches to the study of social integration are analyzed. Examples of integration policies in various countries are considered, as well as new challenges associated with global migration crises. The article offers a critical analysis of existing integration models and substantiates the need for flexible, adaptive strategies that take into account both the universal principles of equality and cultural diversity. Particular attention is paid to the anthropological approach in research in the context of the increasing cultural complexity of the modern world. The current stage of understanding the problems of social integration is outlined by the anthropological turn, which actualizes the bodily, emotional and everyday dimensions of intercultural interaction. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that social integration in a multicultural society is a complex, multidimensional process that requires an integrated approach. In the future, it is necessary to develop flexible, adaptive integration strategies that can take into account both global challenges and local specifics. The article contributes to the development of a socio-philosophical discussion on the ways of forming a society based on the principles of justice, solidarity and mutual recognition.