Philosophy of science at the crossroads of traditions: The interaction of religious and rational worldviews

   The article examines the actual problem of the formation of the philosophy of science as an independent branch of knowledge.

   The purpose of the study is to reveal the patterns of its formation in the context of the historical and cultural confrontation of religious and scientific types of thinking, represented respectively by the medieval and Modern European eras.

   The methodology in the work is based on the use of comparative analysis, which provides the possibility of a systematic comparison of cultural paradigms and the identification of immanent characteristics of cognitive activity. As a result, the proposed approach makes it possible to reconstruct the logic of the transformation of scientific ideas and their correlation with the religious worldview in various historical contexts.

   The central aspect was a critical analysis of the Eurocentric dichotomy in the foundations of proto-philosophy, the science of religious (metaphysical) and scientific (rational) discourses.

   It has been established that binary opposition does not have universal validity and does not represent the complexity of the interaction of various forms of cognition. The results of the study demonstrate that the relevance and heuristic potential of the philosophy of science are determined by productive interaction with the religious type of thinking, stimulating reflection on the fundamental foundations of scientific knowledge. At the same time, syncretism does not restrain the development of science, contributing to the intensification of intercultural dialogue in the context of the search for universal models of cognition. A promising vector for the development of the philosophy of science is the integration of various forms of rationality, contributing to the formation of innovative methodological approaches and overcoming the limitations of both purely scientific and exclusively religious types of discourse. In conclusion, the study confirms that the genesis of the philosophy of science as an independent discipline is determined by the synergetic interaction of socio-cultural, historical and intellectual factors, and its evolution is determined by the dialogue of different types of thinking and cognition.

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