Main Trends of Formation Universal Scientific Knowledge

In the history of human thought, there were many universalist ideas, concepts, systems: natural science, philosophical, humanitarian. By the middle of the 20th century, humankind realized how the world works in general terms. Theories were created to explain the structure of the atom, molecule, cell, stars, and galaxies. The main trends of evolution, anthropogenesis, self-organization of the world were understood; however, it turned out to be far from complete universal concepts. In the humanitarian and social spheres, where there much is still insufficiently studied, there are more problems. This contributed to the fact that the last centuries have demonstrated to humankind total social conflicts and experiments. Now, global conflicts have given numerous recurrences, becoming more ramified, sophisticated and dangerous. There is universalism in three main groups of sciences: natural, focused on the study of the world and nature (part of the world corresponding to the living); social, considering social processes; and humanitarian, associated with the products of the human spirit. It was substantiated that the overwhelming majority of the grounds used turned out to be inconsistent with the set goals. To substantiate this statement, it should be noted that philosophy is focused on the ultimate foundations of natural science and social and humanitarian knowledge (science and culture). Everything that is beyond these foundations is investigated by scholarly methods, and a purely philosophical approach allows most of this world to be bracketed, while the universalist approach is only strengthened. This approach is a coordinate system of the world, which is a set of extreme dynamic equilibria of things. It is determined through the equilibrium interactions of a particular thing with the environment (other things) and with the level of its structural equilibrium. The main initial concepts are the World, the Thing is the main ontological concept and Interaction. Looking from the point of view of the coordinate system allows us to say that the world is complex, but the coordinate system is relatively simple, despite the fact that it is part of the world and is a component part of it.

scientific revolution, coordinate system, world, thing, natural science, humanitarian, social, ultimate foundations, universalism, methodology

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