The influence of the main ontological, epistemological, methodological notions of the philosophy of science on its structure, the basic concepts and directions

The basic concepts considered form the skeleton of the discipline “Philosophy of Science”. In addition, their relationship with ontological, epistemological and methodological concepts has been analyzed. A unit of epistemological analysis, an element, as the smallest unit of a set (system), general scientific concepts (categories), and general scientific methods are singled out as basic units and concepts of philosophy of science. All these concepts are considered from the point of view of ontology, epistemology and methodology as applied to different stages of the development of science. Ontological, epistemological and methodological concepts are considered depending on the classical, non-classical, post-non-classical stages of science. Ontological concepts are associated with the characteristics of matter, space, time, the degree of determinism and the boundaries of the Universe. Epistemological concepts deal with the degree of truth of knowledge, the structure of scientific knowledge, ways of certifying scientific truth. Methodological concepts are focused on methods of varying degrees of generality. Among the basic units of epistemological analysis, it is first necessary to single out empirical facts; scientific laws; scientific theories; scientific topics; research programs; paradigms; scientific problems; universal and necessary truths; scientific communications. These structures can be formed in the epistemological, methodological areas of research. Depending on the clarification of ontological concepts, a concrete reality is formed. Epistemological concepts provide a choice of a specific epistemological approach, and methodological concepts provide a method and method of research. Ontological structures and systems are models of reality, which are formed depending on the concepts and pictures of the world due to existing concepts and their interaction. In epistemological terms, the passing-through of a tune is the debunking of absolute truth and the transition to a wide range of representations describing the reality. In methodological terms, there was also a transformation from the search for a single universal method to the numerous methods and approaches of specific sciences. The modern scientific picture of the world is still in the formative stage and the set of concepts is constantly expanding here. Overall, the close connection of various notions, concepts and directions defining the field and sphere of the philosophy of science is shown.

онтология, эпистемология, методология, классический, неклассический, постнеклассический, единица, элемент, общенаучный, картина мира

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