The correlation of types of attitudes towards the disease and coping strategies in disability teens

The article is devoted to the issues of productive coping behavior that helps teenagers with disabilities to adapt. In addition to the traditional coping strategies like problem-oriented and emotionally-oriented forms, adolescents with a deficiency type of dysontogenesis often use non-adaptive strategies. They are more intolerant to negative social stressful effects, which is due to the immaturity and instability of their adaptation strategies. Attitudes to the disease in adolescents with disabilities form the personality and it is difficult, with a number of specific features. Among the mechanisms of the pathological formation of the personality in persons with physical disabilities, the individual’s reaction to the awareness of a defect and physical inadequacy plays a leading role. The features of the relationship between types of attitude to the disease and coping strategies are determined. The study involved 56 adolescents enrolled in special correctional schools. A diagnostics of the coping mechanisms was carried out using the E. Heim’s method. This is a screening technique that allows you to explore 26 situational-specific coping options, distributed in accordance with the three main areas of mental activity (cognitive, emotional and behavioral). To determine the coping strategies, the questionnaire “Methods of coping behavior” by R. Lazarus was used. The type of attitude towards the disease was studied using the TOBOL method. Adolescents with disabilities more often use the following strategies: avoidance, distancing and positive revaluation. Of the non-adaptive strategies, the use of adolescents such as confrontation and self-control was detected, which can lead to a decrease in tolerance to life difficulties. Among emotional coping strategies, adolescents with disabilities are given preference for the following strategies: optimism, protest, suppression of emotions. In relation to the disease prevails melancholic type. The relationship between coping strategies of a positive revaluation and the type of attitude towards the anxiety disease (rs = 0.25, p≤0.01), as well as the escape-avoidance coping strategy with the neurasthenic type of attitude towards the disease (rs = 0.39, p≤0.01). Thus, adolescents with pronounced anxious and neurasthenic types of attitude to the disease most often use strategies of positive revaluation and avoidance.

копинг-стратегия, адаптивность, неадаптивность, тип отношения к болезни, подростки с ограниченными возможностями здоровья

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