The year 2024 will witness the 300th anniversary of Kant, the philosopher, whose works, according to many researchers, began modern philosophy. However, the outstanding achievements of Kant, his “Copernican revolution”, the transcendental method did not appear from scratch. The revolutionary ideas of Kant absorbed the experience of outstanding representatives of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the New Age. The political and socio-cultural situation in Europe in the 18th century also had a certain impact on the formation of his philosophy. Among the outstanding philosophers of the preclassical period, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas should be noted. Hobbes, Locke, Newton, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hume, Rousseau should be mentioned among the representatives of the New Age. Some of these philosophers influenced his ethical philosophy, which is beyond the scope of this work. It is advisable to consider all the above problems in the context of the coordinate system of the world based on the limiting dynamic equilibria, since Kant raised questions about the boundaries of the sensory sphere, reason, reason, and human freedom. He resolved many of them or outlined approaches to their solution. Kant also claimed to remove the contradictions between empiricism and rationalism – the main epistemological currents of the New Age; however, according to the researchers of his creative heritage, he did not succeed. At the beginning of his philosophical activity, Kant tried to find the ultimate foundations of metaphysics, the value of which Kant constantly emphasizes. He believed that this was necessary in order to elucidate the final foundations of reality. Kant continued the search for ultimate foundations in his “critical philosophy” in aesthetics, analytics, and dialectics. He revealed the boundaries of reason, sense, and free will. He drew the line between the “idea of God” – the “ideal of pure reason” and its actual capabilities.